/***************************************************************************/ /* */ /* ftttdrv.h */ /* */ /* FreeType API for controlling the TrueType driver */ /* (specification only). */ /* */ /* Copyright 2013-2017 by */ /* David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg. */ /* */ /* This file is part of the FreeType project, and may only be used, */ /* modified, and distributed under the terms of the FreeType project */ /* license, LICENSE.TXT. By continuing to use, modify, or distribute */ /* this file you indicate that you have read the license and */ /* understand and accept it fully. */ /* */ /***************************************************************************/ #ifndef FTTTDRV_H_ #define FTTTDRV_H_ #include <ft2build.h> #include FT_FREETYPE_H #ifdef FREETYPE_H #error "freetype.h of FreeType 1 has been loaded!" #error "Please fix the directory search order for header files" #error "so that freetype.h of FreeType 2 is found first." #endif FT_BEGIN_HEADER /************************************************************************** * * @section: * tt_driver * * @title: * The TrueType driver * * @abstract: * Controlling the TrueType driver module. * * @description: * While FreeType's TrueType driver doesn't expose API functions by * itself, it is possible to control its behaviour with @FT_Property_Set * and @FT_Property_Get. The following lists the available properties * together with the necessary macros and structures. * * The TrueType driver's module name is `truetype'. * * We start with a list of definitions, kindly provided by Greg * Hitchcock. * * _Bi-Level_ _Rendering_ * * Monochromatic rendering, exclusively used in the early days of * TrueType by both Apple and Microsoft. Microsoft's GDI interface * supported hinting of the right-side bearing point, such that the * advance width could be non-linear. Most often this was done to * achieve some level of glyph symmetry. To enable reasonable * performance (e.g., not having to run hinting on all glyphs just to * get the widths) there was a bit in the head table indicating if the * side bearing was hinted, and additional tables, `hdmx' and `LTSH', to * cache hinting widths across multiple sizes and device aspect ratios. * * _Font_ _Smoothing_ * * Microsoft's GDI implementation of anti-aliasing. Not traditional * anti-aliasing as the outlines were hinted before the sampling. The * widths matched the bi-level rendering. * * _ClearType_ _Rendering_ * * Technique that uses physical subpixels to improve rendering on LCD * (and other) displays. Because of the higher resolution, many methods * of improving symmetry in glyphs through hinting the right-side * bearing were no longer necessary. This lead to what GDI calls * `natural widths' ClearType, see * http://www.beatstamm.com/typography/RTRCh4.htm#Sec21. Since hinting * has extra resolution, most non-linearity went away, but it is still * possible for hints to change the advance widths in this mode. * * _ClearType_ _Compatible_ _Widths_ * * One of the earliest challenges with ClearType was allowing the * implementation in GDI to be selected without requiring all UI and * documents to reflow. To address this, a compatible method of * rendering ClearType was added where the font hints are executed once * to determine the width in bi-level rendering, and then re-run in * ClearType, with the difference in widths being absorbed in the font * hints for ClearType (mostly in the white space of hints); see * http://www.beatstamm.com/typography/RTRCh4.htm#Sec20. Somewhat by * definition, compatible width ClearType allows for non-linear widths, * but only when the bi-level version has non-linear widths. * * _ClearType_ _Subpixel_ _Positioning_ * * One of the nice benefits of ClearType is the ability to more crisply * display fractional widths; unfortunately, the GDI model of integer * bitmaps did not support this. However, the WPF and Direct Write * frameworks do support fractional widths. DWrite calls this `natural * mode', not to be confused with GDI's `natural widths'. Subpixel * positioning, in the current implementation of Direct Write, * unfortunately does not support hinted advance widths, see * http://www.beatstamm.com/typography/RTRCh4.htm#Sec22. Note that the * TrueType interpreter fully allows the advance width to be adjusted in * this mode, just the DWrite client will ignore those changes. * * _ClearType_ _Backward_ _Compatibility_ * * This is a set of exceptions made in the TrueType interpreter to * minimize hinting techniques that were problematic with the extra * resolution of ClearType; see * http://www.beatstamm.com/typography/RTRCh4.htm#Sec1 and * http://www.microsoft.com/typography/cleartype/truetypecleartype.aspx. * This technique is not to be confused with ClearType compatible * widths. ClearType backward compatibility has no direct impact on * changing advance widths, but there might be an indirect impact on * disabling some deltas. This could be worked around in backward * compatibility mode. * * _Native_ _ClearType_ _Mode_ * * (Not to be confused with `natural widths'.) This mode removes all * the exceptions in the TrueType interpreter when running with * ClearType. Any issues on widths would still apply, though. * */ /************************************************************************** * * @property: * interpreter-version * * @description: * Currently, three versions are available, two representing the * bytecode interpreter with subpixel hinting support (old `Infinality' * code and new stripped-down and higher performance `minimal' code) and * one without, respectively. The default is subpixel support if * TT_CONFIG_OPTION_SUBPIXEL_HINTING is defined, and no subpixel support * otherwise (since it isn't available then). * * If subpixel hinting is on, many TrueType bytecode instructions behave * differently compared to B/W or grayscale rendering (except if `native * ClearType' is selected by the font). Microsoft's main idea is to * render at a much increased horizontal resolution, then sampling down * the created output to subpixel precision. However, many older fonts * are not suited to this and must be specially taken care of by * applying (hardcoded) tweaks in Microsoft's interpreter. * * Details on subpixel hinting and some of the necessary tweaks can be * found in Greg Hitchcock's whitepaper at * `http://www.microsoft.com/typography/cleartype/truetypecleartype.aspx'. * Note that FreeType currently doesn't really `subpixel hint' (6x1, 6x2, * or 6x5 supersampling) like discussed in the paper. Depending on the * chosen interpreter, it simply ignores instructions on vertical stems * to arrive at very similar results. * * The following example code demonstrates how to deactivate subpixel * hinting (omitting the error handling). * * { * FT_Library library; * FT_Face face; * FT_UInt interpreter_version = TT_INTERPRETER_VERSION_35; * * * FT_Init_FreeType( &library ); * * FT_Property_Set( library, "truetype", * "interpreter-version", * &interpreter_version ); * } * * @note: * This property can be used with @FT_Property_Get also. * * This property can be set via the `FREETYPE_PROPERTIES' environment * variable (using values `35', `38', or `40'). */ /************************************************************************** * * @enum: * TT_INTERPRETER_VERSION_XXX * * @description: * A list of constants used for the @interpreter-version property to * select the hinting engine for Truetype fonts. * * The numeric value in the constant names represents the version * number as returned by the `GETINFO' bytecode instruction. * * @values: * TT_INTERPRETER_VERSION_35 :: * Version~35 corresponds to MS rasterizer v.1.7 as used e.g. in * Windows~98; only grayscale and B/W rasterizing is supported. * * TT_INTERPRETER_VERSION_38 :: * Version~38 corresponds to MS rasterizer v.1.9; it is roughly * equivalent to the hinting provided by DirectWrite ClearType (as can * be found, for example, in the Internet Explorer~9 running on * Windows~7). It is used in FreeType to select the `Infinality' * subpixel hinting code. The code may be removed in a future * version. * * TT_INTERPRETER_VERSION_40 :: * Version~40 corresponds to MS rasterizer v.2.1; it is roughly * equivalent to the hinting provided by DirectWrite ClearType (as can * be found, for example, in Microsoft's Edge Browser on Windows~10). * It is used in FreeType to select the `minimal' subpixel hinting * code, a stripped-down and higher performance version of the * `Infinality' code. * * @note: * This property controls the behaviour of the bytecode interpreter * and thus how outlines get hinted. It does *not* control how glyph * get rasterized! In particular, it does not control subpixel color * filtering. * * If FreeType has not been compiled with the configuration option * TT_CONFIG_OPTION_SUBPIXEL_HINTING, selecting version~38 or~40 causes * an `FT_Err_Unimplemented_Feature' error. * * Depending on the graphics framework, Microsoft uses different * bytecode and rendering engines. As a consequence, the version * numbers returned by a call to the `GETINFO' bytecode instruction are * more convoluted than desired. * * Here are two tables that try to shed some light on the possible * values for the MS rasterizer engine, together with the additional * features introduced by it. * * { * GETINFO framework version feature * ------------------------------------------------------------------- * 3 GDI (Win 3.1), v1.0 16-bit, first version * TrueImage * 33 GDI (Win NT 3.1), v1.5 32-bit * HP Laserjet * 34 GDI (Win 95) v1.6 font smoothing, * new SCANTYPE opcode * 35 GDI (Win 98/2000) v1.7 (UN)SCALED_COMPONENT_OFFSET * bits in composite glyphs * 36 MGDI (Win CE 2) v1.6+ classic ClearType * 37 GDI (XP and later), v1.8 ClearType * GDI+ old (before Vista) * 38 GDI+ old (Vista, Win 7), v1.9 subpixel ClearType, * WPF Y-direction ClearType, * additional error checking * 39 DWrite (before Win 8) v2.0 subpixel ClearType flags * in GETINFO opcode, * bug fixes * 40 GDI+ (after Win 7), v2.1 Y-direction ClearType flag * DWrite (Win 8) in GETINFO opcode, * Gray ClearType * } * * The `version' field gives a rough orientation only, since some * applications provided certain features much earlier (as an example, * Microsoft Reader used subpixel and Y-direction ClearType already in * Windows 2000). Similarly, updates to a given framework might include * improved hinting support. * * { * version sampling rendering comment * x y x y * -------------------------------------------------------------- * v1.0 normal normal B/W B/W bi-level * v1.6 high high gray gray grayscale * v1.8 high normal color-filter B/W (GDI) ClearType * v1.9 high high color-filter gray Color ClearType * v2.1 high normal gray B/W Gray ClearType * v2.1 high high gray gray Gray ClearType * } * * Color and Gray ClearType are the two available variants of * `Y-direction ClearType', meaning grayscale rasterization along the * Y-direction; the name used in the TrueType specification for this * feature is `symmetric smoothing'. `Classic ClearType' is the * original algorithm used before introducing a modified version in * Win~XP. Another name for v1.6's grayscale rendering is `font * smoothing', and `Color ClearType' is sometimes also called `DWrite * ClearType'. To differentiate between today's Color ClearType and the * earlier ClearType variant with B/W rendering along the vertical axis, * the latter is sometimes called `GDI ClearType'. * * `Normal' and `high' sampling describe the (virtual) resolution to * access the rasterized outline after the hinting process. `Normal' * means 1 sample per grid line (i.e., B/W). In the current Microsoft * implementation, `high' means an extra virtual resolution of 16x16 (or * 16x1) grid lines per pixel for bytecode instructions like `MIRP'. * After hinting, these 16 grid lines are mapped to 6x5 (or 6x1) grid * lines for color filtering if Color ClearType is activated. * * Note that `Gray ClearType' is essentially the same as v1.6's * grayscale rendering. However, the GETINFO instruction handles it * differently: v1.6 returns bit~12 (hinting for grayscale), while v2.1 * returns bits~13 (hinting for ClearType), 18 (symmetrical smoothing), * and~19 (Gray ClearType). Also, this mode respects bits 2 and~3 for * the version~1 gasp table exclusively (like Color ClearType), while * v1.6 only respects the values of version~0 (bits 0 and~1). * * Keep in mind that the features of the above interpreter versions * might not map exactly to FreeType features or behavior because it is * a fundamentally different library with different internals. * */ #define TT_INTERPRETER_VERSION_35 35 #define TT_INTERPRETER_VERSION_38 38 #define TT_INTERPRETER_VERSION_40 40 /* */ FT_END_HEADER #endif /* FTTTDRV_H_ */ /* END */

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